Which algorithm update penalizes websites for having excessive copyright infringements?

The correct choice is the one related to penalizing websites for excessive copyright infringements, which is indeed the Google Pirate algorithm update. This update was specifically designed to target sites that frequently host or share pirated content without the appropriate rights or licenses.

Google Pirate works by reducing the visibility of sites that have been identified as violating copyright laws, thereby discouraging the proliferation of pirated material on the web. It analyzes patterns of copyright infringement reported by content owners and adjusts search rankings to promote legitimate sources of content. This is part of Google's broader effort to maintain the integrity of its search results and support creators and copyright holders.

In contrast, the other algorithm updates focus on different areas. The Google Mobile Friendly update, for instance, aims to enhance user experience on mobile devices by prioritizing websites that are optimized for mobile viewing. Google Penguin targets webspam and manipulative link practices to ensure fair competition in search results. Google Payday is designed to address websites participating in spammy or low-quality link schemes often related to highly competitive markets. Each of these updates serves a distinct purpose in refining how Google evaluates and ranks websites in its search results.